Social Loafing Essay - 1313 Words

Social Loafing A major component of Social Psychological research is based on social loafing. Social loafing can result in diverse possibilities and also not only affects the individual who is conducting the social phenomenon but also group members are subjected to exposure. Discussion regarding the reasons of social loafing as an occurrence will be based primarily on evidence from literature regarding the specific component, envy. Possibilities of outcomes range from members being awarded unfair workloads or dissatisfaction, to group performance being decreased. Theories that support some of these and other notions will become evident after the recognition of previous research findings.†¦show more content†¦The discovery of envy as a component has allowed further analysis in determining explanation for social loafing. According to Reber ad Reber, (2001:244) envy ‘is based on a resentful acknowledgement of those who are more fortunate persons’. Envy can be provoked numerous ways but social comparison is essentially the prompt for this incidence. The phenomenon of envy is usually due to the resentment of personal qualities in correspondence to the Cinderella myth (Ulanov Ulanov, 1983. As cited in Duffy Shaw, 2000). Acknowledgement of superior achievements of a work colleague could merely be adequate to trigger the reaction of envy (Tesser Campbell, 1990. As cited in Duffy Shaw). As could the recognition of lack of sporting abilities compared to other team members be enough to influence or generate this reaction. Traditional workplace settings are believed to be the ideal location for envy to arise due to the tendency for individuals to work closely together (Vecchio, (1995). As cited in Duffy Shaw, (2000). Tesser and Campbell (1990). As cited in Duffy Shaw, (2000) suggest on the occurrence that individuals work together or in groups they are prone to engage in a form of behavior that is notShow MoreRelatedEssay on Working in Groups and Social Loafing1810 Words   |  8 PagesSocial loafing is the effect that people will exert less effort if they are working in a collective environment. Working in groups is an integral part of everyday life because it happens in almost every context whether it is sports teams, organizational groups, project groups and even juries. Therefore it is important to understand the underlying factors that influence this construct. The current research composed of 20 participants, investigated the social loafing effect of two working conditions:Read More|Curbing Social Loafing in the Retail Environment | |3837 Words   |  16 Pages| | |Curbing Social Loafing in the Retail Environment | | | | | Read MoreSocial Loafing And Conformity Within Teams746 Words   |  3 Pagesor teams. With this in mind, Fischer highlights that teams have a list of negatives also associated with them. A few examples are general dysfunction and disagreement, longer decision-making processes, and social loafing (Fischer, 2012). This paper will address the presence of social loafing and conformity within teams. The Problem Statement: Young Life Volunteer Team Young Life (YL) is a Christian, nondenominational organization that shares the gospel with students of all ages (highRead MoreSocial Loafing Essay examples1411 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Social Loafing? Social Loafing is something everyone has experienced. Most likely if you do not like group work this is one of the main reasons why. â€Å"Social loading describes the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of a group. Because all members of the group are pooling their effort to achieve a common goal each member of the group contributes less than they would if they were individually responsible† (Cherry). This challenges the common belief that groupRead MoreThe Term Social Loafing 1543 Words   |  7 Pagesconied the term ‘social loafing’ to describe the idea that people tend to put in less effort when working in groups than when working alone, be it in sports or in academic settings. Now shirking is a term to describe group member who slacks off or avoids working all together based on the fact that he has been put in a group, this essay will try to answer the questions, should shirkers be reported to instructors, and is the group e thically bound to tell the shirker? Is social loafing always shirkingRead MoreCase Study : Business Building, University Of Iowa2200 Words   |  9 Pagesgreat performance, our team maximized process gains by way of information exchange and decreased process losses in terms of social loafing. From lecture, process gains are efforts and actions put forth that help accomplish the task at hand such as information exchange, load balancing, and social facilitation. On the other hand, process losses are high turnover, social loafing, and production blocking. Higher process gains and lower process losses result into superior team productivity (Crawford, 2/2)Read MoreTaking a Look at Social Loafing1178 Words   |  5 Pagesindependently and where the individuals performance cannot be acknowledged as excellent and important are called as social loafing (Joseph Timothy 2012). Social loafing is the characteristic of individuals in a part of their academic life. It may be seen as a failure t o willingly satisfy the duties and commitments to others because of the perception of reduced social pressure. Yet, social loafer or free-rider without exerting effort in a team will gain benefits from the work of others as the outcomeRead MoreTavris in Groups We Shrink Essay699 Words   |  3 Pagesdidnt anybody do anything? What were the people thinking? In addition to being afraid of being an individual in the midst of a group, people often look at others to set the example. Another term for this is, diffusion of responsibility or social loafing. For example, Ive been in many classes where the students were afraid to speak out. But eventually there is a brave soul who ventures to raise their hand to answer a question. And this starts the ball rolling. Eventually each individualRead MoreThe Main Features Of A Bureaucracy And The Scientific Design Of Work2034 Words   |  9 Pagestherefore Fayols’ five functions of management are implemented through impersonal control rather than direct face to face control. In contrast to rationalisation, King and Lawley (2013) describe the social organisation as a belief that the key factors in shaping an individual within the workplace are the social interactions between people. King and Lawley (2013) state that the findings from Hawthorne studies have been credited with humanising management, there has been a shift from individuals being seenRead MoreSocial Loafing and Recommendations on How to Reduce Its Occurrence within Groups Working on University Poster Presentations1286 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Loafing and Recommendations on How to Reduce Its Occurrence within Groups Working on University Poster Presentations Abstract Social loafing occurs in groups and reduces group effectiveness and productivity. Various literatures on social loafing reviewed suggest that the group size, the identifiably of the participants, the evaluation of their performance, people’s beliefs about their feelings of uniqueness, envy, task difficulty, how people’s beliefs about their

Canterbury Tales Essay - Marriage and the Role of Women...

Marriage and the Role of Women in the Wife of Bath’s Prologue The Canterbury Tales, begun in 1387 by Geoffrey Chaucer, are written in heroic couplets iambic pentameters, and consist of a series of twenty-four linked tales told by a group of superbly characterized pilgrims ranging from Knight to Plowman. The characters meet at an Inn, in London, before journeying to the shrine of St Thomas a Becket at Canterbury. The Wife of Bath is one of these characters. She bases both her tale and her prologue on marriage and brings humor and intrigue to the tales, as she is lively and very often crudely spoken. Her role as a dominant female contrasts greatly with the others in the tales, like the prim and proper Prioress represents the†¦show more content†¦The wife is also able to dominate her husbands by other methods, which she often recommends to other wys wyfs. Here Chaucer is obviously appealing to his audience as there are no other wives on the pilgrimage but also the Wife may be suggesting that is not only her who acts in this manner therefo re condoning it. She firstly accuses them of indecent behavior thus covering her own faults and then reverts back to nagging. Her ability to nag and argue is complemented by her knowledge of many parables, fables and even astrology and she uses this to get the upper hand on her husbands but is defeated by Jankin as a scholar at Oxford, which demonstrates the repression of women through lack of education. Wealth and property feature heavily in the wife’s portrayal of marriage and along with the issue of her independence is responsible for many of her marital conflicts. The first three husbands riche and olde were married each for hir land and hir tresoor then discarded as the Wife looks for other prospects. When one of these husbands tries to restrict the Wife’s spending she refuses to let him be both maister of my body and of my good so refuses sexual favours in return for her freedom as she will not become a mere possession. She generalizes that women love no man that taketh or keepth charge suggesting an element of independence and individualism in 14th century marriage. The wife resents being controlled; sheShow MoreRelatedThe Characters in The Canterbury Tales Essay4000 Words   |  16 PagesThe Purpose of the   Characters in The Canterbury Tales      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The characters introduced in the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales each represent a stereotype of a kind of person that Chaucer would have been familiar with in 14th Century England. Each character is unique, yet embodies many physical and behavioral traits that would have been common for someone in their profession. In preparing the reader for the tales, Chaucer first sets the mood by providing an overall idea of the typeRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath s Prologue And Tale1338 Words   |  6 PagesDuring medieval times, women were not placed on a high pedestal; in fact, some religious institutions at the time felt women were in almost every instance the weaker sex. Misogyny abounded during these times. Quite often than not, women played a very minimized role in medieval literature. The pattern was the same: either they were a helpless damsel in need of a knight in shining armor with his trusty stead or they were portrayed as being sexually promiscuous with multiple men which stoked the fireRead MoreChaucer, Shakespeare, and Eunuchs4253 Words   |  18 Pagesthe two men together, but I believe that the most prominent characteristic that the men share is their innovativeness. More specifically their innovative construction of gender confused characters. Dinshaw’s examination of the eunuch Pardoner in her essay â€Å"Eunuch Hermeneutics† distinguishes The Pardoner to be a partial character because of his in-between state. Chaucer and Shakespeare’s construction of partial characters reveals that we cannot trust everything to be true in fiction literature and playsRead MoreThe Fight For Gender Equality Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are women? What are they? Are they serpents, wolves, lions, dragons, vipers or devouring beasts and enemies of the human race†¦. But by God! if they are your mothers, your sisters, your daughters, your wives and your companions; they are yourselves and you yourselves are them, ( Akkerman 1). What are women? Better yet, how important are women? As important people, women play specific roles based on societal expectations and dictations. In the beginning, women were not seen as equal figures,Read MoreMarriage And The Role Of Women2150 Words   |  9 PagesWhite IB 11 English 28 November 2016 Marriage Essay During the 14th century, marriage and the role of women in the marriage were very different from today. Most marriages in the 14th century occurred between an older man and a young girl; a girl is usually chosen because they were pure and could produce the most heirs. The bride’s family would pay the husband through a dowry, consisting of land, money, or anything of high value. The more unattractive the women were, the more the family would haveRead MoreEssay about Chaucers Wife of Bath2474 Words   |  10 PagesChaucers Wife of Bath Before beginning any discussion on Chaucer’s Wife of Bath, one must first recognize that, as critic Elaine Treharne writes, â€Å"Critical response to the Wife of Bath has been as diverse as it has been emotive† (2). Some critics love the Wife of Bath and her controversial prologue, proclaiming that she is a woman of strength and powerful words; others hate her and cover the eyes of younger girls, determined that Wife of Bath is instead a role model of what women should not

Professional Development and Business Communication- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Development and Business Communication for Subjectivity. Answer: Reflection This reflection has been based on the Professional development and Business communication in which discussion will be made regarding the different aspects which have been learned during the course. I have developed knowledge regarding the different aspects in this course which have contributed towards my knowledge and will help me in future. This assessment has been done in different weeks for developing knowledge of the different concepts of the business environment which results in the development of the individual at professional as well as personal level. I will be able to perform the roles and responsibilities assigned in the future in a better manner. I have gained knowledge of the communication and business foundation. This has helped me in understanding the role played by communication in performing the roles and responsibilities assigned to a professional. Communication is essential for the exchange of the information and flow of the information in a better manner. I have learned about the role of communication in performing the tasks in a better manner and establishing healthy relationships with the different individuals. I will apply the knowledge gained for meeting the objectives of the professional life (Porarinsdottir, 2012). Another aspect which has been discussed in this course is interpersonal skills. Interpersonal skills are those skills which are used by an individual for interacting with others in a proper manner. I have understood the role of interpersonal skills in shaping the personality of the individual. This skill will help me in attaining the goals in a better way. It is required for solving the problems faced at the professional level. I will apply interpersonal skills for dealing with the problems faced at professional and personal level. I will apply the knowledge gained for enhancing my interpersonal skills. I will use this knowledge for developing a positive behavior towards the different aspects of life (SSG, 2014). Visual communication is another aspect which has been covered in the course which is an important element. In the visual communication process, communication is done with the help of a visual aid. Communication is done with the use of the symbols and imagery. An individual can share the ideas and information and the others can read and view the ideas and information with the help of visual aids. I have learned the importance of visual communication as the use of visual communication will help me in saving time, clarity is maintained while delivering the message, sharing consistent experience and retention of the information is done in a better manner (Derntl, 2014). I have learned the role of the writing process and writing academically and written communication is important as it ensures that the information is communicated in a clear manner. Writing skills create an impact on the success in the professional life. In the professional and personal file, it is vital to communicate in a better manner for ensuring that information is communication efficiently and effectively. I need to develop effective writing skills for ensuring that I will be able to communicate with different individuals in the professional life in a better manner. I have learned that one must develop writing skills for ensuring that one is capable of interacting with others properly (Dolan, 2016). Oral presentation and public speaking is another important element which contributes towards the professional development of the individual. I have learned that oral presentation and public speaking skills are required while performing the roles assigned. As a professional, I will have to give presentations and speeches among a large number of people and for this, I need to enhance my public speaking and oral presentation skills (Warnock, 2008). One must be fluent in communicating information or sharing information for enhancing the flow of information and making sure that information is passed on in an effective manner. I will focus on developing my public speaking and oral presentation skills for ensuring that I can share information and communicate in a better manner (Urzua and Vasques, 2008). Another aspect discussed in the course is reflective writing. Reflective writing can be explained as the providing an overview of the aspects learned and impact of the learning on the individual. I have developed the knowledge of the manner in which reflections are written. I have learned the importance of reflection writing as this helps in the discussing the learning which I have gained from the execution of a course or enrollment in a course. As a professional, one must collect and analyze information collected from conducting a research. Professional needs knowledge of different aspects of the business environment and this can be gained with the help of the collection and analysis of the research information. I have learned that knowledge of the various aspects of the business environment can be developed with the help of conducting a research activity for gathering relevant data. I have learned how to present the research information for communicating the information with the ot hers in professional life (Billett, 2010). Business writing is essential for a professional as a professional need to develop business writing skills. For the attainment of the knowledge of the business aspects, there is a need to develop business writing skills. Effective writing acts as an effective tool of the business environment which helps in presenting the business information in a better manner. Being a successful professional, I need to develop business writing skills for presenting information in different formats. Team effectiveness is essential for business as promoting and ensuring team effectiveness will help in enhancing the performance and attainment of the goals. I have developed knowledge of the role of team effectiveness which will help me in professional life for developing a better team for performing the operations of the business (Helyer, 2010). Thus, at the end of the reflection it can be concluded that as a professional, one needs to develop various skills for performing the role assigned in a better manner. I have developed knowledge of different aspects which are crucial for a professional. These aspects include interpersonal skills, visual communication, reflective writing, public speaking and oral presentation, analysis, and presentation of the research information, business writing and role of team effectiveness. References Billett, S., 2010, S , self and personal agency in learning through and for work, The Sage Handbook of Workplace Learning,Sage Publications,London, pp.60-72. Derntl, M., 2014, Basics of research paper writing and publishing, Int. J. Technology Enhanced Learning, Vol. 6, No. 2. Dolan, B., 2016, Effective Presentation Skill, Post Docs. Helyer, R., 2010, The Work-Based Learning Student Handbook,Palgrave Macmillan,Basingstoke. Porarinsdottir,P. I., 2012, The Importance Of Interpersonal Skills Training For Future Project Managers, Reykjavik University. SSG, 2014, Visual Communication, SSG. Urzua, A., and Vasques, C., 2008, Reflection and professional identity in teachers futureoriented discourse, Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(7), 1935-1946. Warnock, G., 2008, Reflecting on principles of professionalism, Canadian Journal of Surgery, 51(2), 84-85.

Making Your Own Luck free essay sample

As I rushed down the stairs to eat a quick breakfast, I tripped over my bag and spilled glassofwateronthepileofdocuments, whichI should have presentedat the meetingthat morning. Because themeetingwasabouttobegin, Irushedto getmycaranddriveto the officeveryquickly. However, bad luck happened to me again; my car was covered by snow from last night, so I needed to take time to make them melt. On my way to work, I decided to take a shortcut through an old part of town. I drove to an old rough road which people rarely use daily. However, when I was very close to my office, I noticed there was an accident in the front of my car. Suddenly, I heard a noisy police car and people tried to change to another lane, and I was stuck in a traffic jam. After a while, I finally arrived at work. When I arrived at work, I found a note on my desk from my boss. We will write a custom essay sample on Making Your Own Luck or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She wanted to see me right away. I took a deep breath and walked into her office. As I stepped inside, I noticed a scowl on her face. Of course, she scolded me for arriving late and for not preparing well for the meeting. She had had to start the meeting without any help. Because of her rage, I was received a warning letter. At 5 PM, I left my office and went home feeling very tired and disappointed. Finally, after a long and difficult day, I returned home to find that my air conditioner was broken. I could not take it anymore! It had been the worst day of my life, and I did not want anything else to happen. I rushed to the garbage can and dug around for the chain letter I had thrown away the day before. It was covered with coffee grounds and potato peels, but I could still read the words: â€Å"Send ten copies of this letter to your friends and you will have good luck for a year. † I sat down at the kitchen table and began to make copies for ten of my friends. They could take their chances, but I was not going to have any more bad luck!